PENGARUH RELIGIUSITAS DAN KEGIATAN SPIRITUAL TERHADAP PERSEPSI TINGKAT KEAMANAN DI INDONESIA

Zaki Abdullah, Hasse Jubba

Abstract


Both religiosity and spiritual activities could improve security perceptions by reducing crime rates in Indonesia. However,  this did not apply to minorities because of the possibility of religious discrimination. This study intended to determine the influence of religiosity and spiritual activities on the security perceptions of religious adherents in Indonesia, namely Islam, Protestantism, Catholicism, Hinduism and Buddhism using secondary data obtained from the Indonesian Family Life Survey of 32,466 individuals. The finding revealed that religiosity had a positive and significant effect on the sense of security of all adherents except Buddhist followers. Meanwhile, spiritual activities had a positive effect on security of adherents of Islam and Hinduism. In contrast, it negatively influenced Protestant, Catholic and Buddhist followers, since terrorism and discrimination against the worship places were frequently occured. Therefore, it was concluded that religiosity had a positive effect on  security of the followers of the majority religions; however, it negatively affected to the followers of minority religion. It meant that being the followers of religion majority was still dangerous for the followers of religion minority. This evidenced that there were still lack of religious tolerance in Indonesia.


Keywords


Religion; Security; Spiritual Activity.

Full Text:

PDF

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 942 times | PDF view : 866 times

References


Abd. Aziz, I. (2018). Transformasi Perilaku Masyarakat Beragama Dalam Kabupaten Batanghari Jambi. Kontekstualita. https://doi.org/10.30631/kontekstualita.v33i1.44

Abdullah, Z. (2018). An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Variation of GDP. Journal of Islamic Economics Lariba, 4(2), 1–21.

Abdullah, Z., & Susamto, A. A. (2019). The Role of Investment-Based Islamic Crowdfunding for Halal MSMEs: Evidence from Indonesia. Al-Iqtishad: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Syariah, 11(2), 289–302. https://doi.org/10.15408/aiq.v11i2.13623

Cohen, A. B., & Hill, P. C. (2007). Religion as culture: Religious individualism and collectivism among American catholics, jews, and protestants. Journal of Personality. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00454.x

Ellis, L. (1985). Religiosity and criminality: Evidence and Explanations of Complex Relationships. Sociological Perspectives. https://doi.org/10.2307/1389231

Ellis, L., & Peterson, J. (1996). Crime and religion: An international comparison among thirteen industrial nations. Personality and Individual Differences. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(96)00023-2

Evans, T. D., Cullen, F. T., Dunaway, R. G., & Burton, V. S. (1995). Religion and Crime Reexamined: The Impact of Religion, Secular Controls, and Social Ecology on Adult Criminality. Criminology, 33(2), 195–224. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1995.tb01176.x

Gaduh, A. (2012). Religion, Social Interactions , and Cooperative Attitudes: Evidence from Indonesia. Manuscript, Departements of Economics, University of Southern California, (March), 1–58.

Gearon, L. (2013). The counter terrorist classroom: Religion, education, and security. Religious Education. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344087.2013.767660

Ghassem-Fachandi, P. (2006). Sacrifice, ahimsa, and vegetarianism: Pogrom at the deep end of non-violence.

Ghassem-Fachandi, P. (2010). Ahimsa, identification and sacrifice in the Gujarat pogrom. Social Anthropology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8676.2010.00105.x

Johnson, B. R., Jang, S. J., Larson, D. B., & De Li, S. (2001). Does adolescent religious commitment matter? A reexamination of the effects of religiosity on delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427801038001002

Jubba, H., Pabbajah, M., Prasodjo, Z. H., & Qodir, Z. (2019). The Future Relations between the Majority and Minority Religious Groups , Viewed from Indonesian Contemporary Perspective: A Case Study of the Coexistence of Muslims and the Towani Tolotang in Amparita, South Sulawesi. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 16, 13–23. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.16.2019.002

Karyotis, G., & Patrikios, S. (2010). Religion, securitization and anti-immigration attitudes: The case of greece. Journal of Peace Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343309350021

Kinnvall, C. (2004). Globalization and religious nationalism: Self, identity, and the search for ontological security. Political Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00396.x

Knudten, R. D., & Knudten, M. S. (1971). Juvenile Delinquency, Crime, and Religion. Review of Religious Research. https://doi.org/10.2307/3510418

Kristianto, P. E. (2018). Persinggungan Agama dan Politik dalam Teror: Menuju Terbentuknya Teologi Spiritualitas Politik dalam Konteks Maraknya Terorisme di Indonesia. DUNAMIS: Jurnal Teologi dan Pendidikan Kristiani. https://doi.org/10.30648/dun.v3i1.175

Lim, C., & Putnam, R. D. (2010). Religion, social networks, and life satisfaction. American Sociological Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122410386686

Lim, J. W., & Yi, J. (2009). The effects of religiosity, spirituality, and social support on quality of life: A comparison between Korean American and Korean breast and gynecologic cancer survivors. Oncology Nursing Forum. https://doi.org/10.1188/09.ONF.699-708

MacDougall, J. M. (2005). Buddhist Buda or Buda Buddhists? Conversion, religious modernism and conflict in the minority Buda Sasak communities of New Order and post-Suharto Lombok. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

Malhotra, D. (2010). (When) are religious people nicer? Religious salience and the “Sunday Effect†on pro-social behavior. Judgment and Decision Making. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1297275

Misbah, M. I., Yusuf, A., & Wijaya, Y. (2019). Pendidikan Toleransi dalam Keluarga Beda Agama di Desa Kayukebek Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuruan. Jurnal Mu’allim.

Mohammed, M. (2019). Religiosity and desistance from crime. Dalam The Architecture of Desistance. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429461804-11

Momtaz, Y. A., Hamid, T. A., Ibrahim, R., Yahaya, N., & Chai, S. T. (2011). Moderating effect of religiosity on the relationship between social isolation and psychological well-being. Mental Health, Religion and Culture. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2010.497963

Monitor, D. M. (2002). Investigation into Bali blast moves forward ; Indonesia’s police Thursday announced they will call the leader of Jemaah Islamiyah for questioning. The Christian Science Monitor.

Pabbajah, M., Abdullah, I., Juhansar, & Jubba, H. (2019). Contested Socioreligious Reality: An-Nadzir, a Non-mainstream Islamic Movement in Indonesia. The International Journal of Religion and Spirituality in Society, 9(2), 71–78. https://doi.org/10.18848/2154-8633/CGP/v09i02/71-78

Skaria, A. (2015). Ahimsa. Dalam Key Concepts in Modern Indian Studies (hlm. 5–7). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315773742-22

Souryal, S. S. (1987). The Religionization of a Society: The Continuing Application of Shariah Law in Saudi Arabia. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion. https://doi.org/10.2307/1387096

Stansfield, R., Mowen, T. J., O’Connor, T., & Boman, J. H. (2017). The Role of Religious Support in Reentry: Evidence from the SVORI Data. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427816657578

Stavrova, O., Fetchenhauer, D., & Schlösser, T. (2013). Why are religious people happy? The effect of the social norm of religiosity across countries. Social Science Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2012.07.002

Strauss, J., Witoelar, F., & Sikoki, B. (2016). The Fifth Wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey: Overview and Field Report: Volume 1. The Fifth Wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey: Overview and Field Report: Volume 1, 1(March). https://doi.org/10.7249/wr1143.1

Tabrani, D. (2019). Familial terrorism: An anthropological analysis on familial suicide bombings in Surabaya, 13-14 may 2018. International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering.

Toft, M. D. (2007). Getting religion? The puzzling case of Islam and civil war. International Security. https://doi.org/10.1162/isec.2007.31.4.97

Utaberta, N. (2014). Interaksi Sosial Dan Kriminalitas Di Perumahan. Sinektika, 1(1), 189–192.

Vail, K. E., Arndt, J., & Abdollahi, A. (2012). Exploring the Existential Function of Religion and Supernatural Agent Beliefs Among Christians, Muslims, Atheists, and Agnostics. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212449361

Valpey, K. (2018). Hinduism: Animating samadhi—Rethinking animal- human relationships through yoga. Dalam The Routledge Handbook of Religion and Animal Ethics. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429489846

Warr, M. (2017). Life-Course transitions and desistance from crime. Dalam The Termination of Criminal Careers (hlm. 447–480). https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315085081-27

Widiani, D., & Jiyanto, J. (2018). The Importance of Mother's Role in Preventing Children's Radicalism. YINYANG: Jurnal Studi Islam, Gender dan Anak. https://doi.org/10.24090/yinyang.v13i1.2018.pp33-69

Widyaningrum, N., & Yu, J. (2018). Tobacco Use Among the Adult Muslim Population in Indonesia: A Preliminary Study on Religion, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Factors. Journal of Drug Issues, 48(4), 676–688. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022042618789491




DOI: https://doi.org/10.23971/jsam.v16i1.1709

Article Metrics

Abstract view : 942 times
PDF - 866 times

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2020 Jurnal Studi Agama dan Masyarakat


This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

View My Stats

Alamat Redaksi:

Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (LP2M)

Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Palangka Raya

Jalan George Obos Komplek Islamic Centre, Palangka Raya, Kalimantan Tengah, 73111

Telp (Muhammad Nur Effendi) 0852-5252-0905.

Email: jsam.iainpky@gmail.com